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为实现船舶盘架结构的轻量化与性能优化，本文融合拓扑优化设计与激光选区熔化(SLM)技术，对AlSi10Mg合金构件开展了一体化研究。基于变密度法，以结构刚度最大化为目标对盘架进行了轻量化设计。优化后的结构在实现20%以上减重的同时，其最大位移与最小位移分别由29.41??m和5.729??m降低至26.39??m和5.207??m，表明刚度得到提升。通过工艺优化研究，确定了SLM成形的最佳工艺参数组合：激光功率375 W、扫描速度1 375 mm·s-1、扫描间距130μm、光斑直径100μm、铺粉层厚30μm及层间旋转67°。力学性能测试结果显示，沉积态合金存在各向异性：沿平行于基板方向的平均抗拉强度为391.66 MPa，高于垂直方向；但其断后伸长率为8.82%，低于垂直方向的11.56%。本研究为通过结构-工艺协同设计实现复杂构件轻量化与高性能制造提供了一个可行的技术途径与案例参考。
Abstract：This study aims to realize lightweight design and performance enhancement of ship pallet rack structures through an integrated methodology that synergizes topology optimization with selective laser melting(SLM) technology. Focusing on AlSi10 Mg alloy components,the research explores a concurrent structure-process design strategy to achieve significant weight reduction while improving mechanical stiffness,thereby establishing a viable technical route for highperformance additive manufacturing of geometrically complex industrial parts. Structural topology optimization was performed using the solid isotropic material with penalization(SIMP) method,with the objective of maximizing global stiffness under prescribed loading and boundary conditions. The optimized lightweight configuration was assessed for manufacturability via SLM. A systematic process parameter optimization was subsequently conducted,leading to the determination of an optimal SLM parameter set. Al Si10Mg specimens were fabricated under the optimized conditions,and tensile tests were carried out on samples oriented both parallel and perpendicular to the build platform to evaluate mechanical anisotropy in the as-built state. The optimized pallet rack design achieved a weight reduction of over 20% while exhibiting improved structural stiffness. The maximum and minimum displacements decreased from 29.41 ??m and 5.729 ??m to 26.39 ??m and 5.207 ??m,respectively. The identified optimal SLM parameters included a laser power of 375 W,scanning speed of 1 375 mm · s-1,hatch spacing of 130 μm,spot diameter of 100 μm,layer thickness of 30 μm,and a layer rotation angle of 67°. Tensile testing revealed distinct anisotropy: the horizontal(parallel-to-build) orientation showed a higher average ultimate tensile strength of 391.66 MPa compared to the vertical orientation,but a lower elongation at break of 8.82% versus 11.56% in the vertical direction. This work demonstrates an effective integrated framework combining topology optimization and SLM-based additive manufacturing to concurrently achieve lightweight design and enhanced performance in a ship pallet rack component. The determined SLM process window enables the fabrication of Al Si10Mg parts with controlled mechanical properties. The study provides a validated structure and process co-design methodology,offering both a technical pathway and a practical reference for the development of lightweight,high-performance complex components through additive manufacturing.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20242/j.issn.2097-5384.2026.01.003
中图分类号:U671;TG665;TG146.21
引用信息:
[1]程栋,刘松洋,王喜梦,等.基于激光选区熔化形成的AlSi10Mg合金盘架结构优化及工艺-组织分析[J].有色金属(中英文),2026,16(01):21-30.DOI:10.20242/j.issn.2097-5384.2026.01.003.
基金信息:
河南省水下智能装备重点实验室开放基金（YZC-2206-B0030-01-060）; 河南省重点研发专项项目（241111220100）; 河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划项目（24ZX004,24A460029）; 河南省科技攻关项目（242102221033,242102231026）; 中原工学院研究生教育质量提升工程项目（JG202524）~~
2025-12-17
2025-12-17
2025-12-17