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锂对现代储能电池生产至关重要，越来越多的国家将其列为关键战略金属。近年来，随着新能源汽车（NEVs）的快速发展，对锂电池的需求与日俱增，国内外学者不断优化提锂技术路径，深化研究绿色高效提锂技术，缩短提锂工艺流程、提高提锂效率和锂精矿品质。本文综述了近年来国内外学者在酸法、碱法和盐焙烧、机械活化和氯化法等从锂辉石提锂的工艺，探讨了提锂工艺的反应机理、工艺参数和锂提取效率，总结不同提锂工艺优势和缺点，最后对绿色高效提锂技术进行了展望。
Abstract：Lithium,a critical component in the cathode materials utilized in lithium-ion batteries,plays a pivotal role in the contemporary energy storage battery industry. Recognizing its strategic importance,many countries categorize lithium as a critical strategic metal. The past few years have witnessed an unprecedented surge in the demand for lithium batteries,primarily driven by the rapid technological advancements and increased adoption of new energy vehicles(NEVs). This burgeoning demand necessitates an intensification of research efforts aimed at optimizing lithium extraction pathways. To address this,industry experts and researchers globally are committed to refining extraction methods,advancing innovative green technologies,streamlining operational processes,enhancing lithium recovery efficiencies,and improving the overall quality of lithium concentrates produced. This review aims to synthesize and summarize the recent advancements in the extraction processes focused on spodumene,a significant lithium-bearing mineral. Among the diverse methodologies explored are acid leaching,alkaline leaching,salt roasting,mechanical activation,and chlorination. The discussion encompasses the reaction mechanisms involved in these processes,various process parameters that influence extraction outcomes,and the resultant efficiencies achieved from each method. Throughout the review,we undertake a comprehensive analysis of the distinct advantages and inherent limitations associated with each extraction technique,culminating in an exploration of promising future directions for green and efficient lithium extraction technologies. Key findings from this extensive review indicate several noteworthy insights into the current state of lithium extraction techniques. Firstly,in the realm of acid leaching,the sulfuric acid method stands out as the dominant approach employed in industrial applications due to its remarkably high lithium recovery rate. However,it is essential to note that this method often necessitates the incorporation of additional chemical additives— such as sodium carbonate(Na2 CO3),calcium oxide(CaO),and sodium hydroxide(NaOH)—to effectively remove impurities. Furthermore,alternative acid-based methodologies,including those employing hydrofluoric acid,encounter significant challenges related to environmental impact,economic feasibility,and safety concerns,which presently stymie broader adoption. Secondly,alkaline leaching emerges as a noteworthy method that simplifies the extraction process and reduces reliance on hazardous chemicals. While this method holds promise,issues such as agglomeration during limestone sintering pose significant drawbacks,and the need for specialized,high-temperature,and high-pressure reactors in alkaline pressure cooking suggests that further optimization and scaling-up strategies are required to enhance its viability for largescale applications. Additionally,salt roasting,which utilizes less corrosive sulfates or carbonates,presents a viable extraction pathway despite its requirements for high material throughput and elevated reaction temperatures. This method highlights the trade-off between chemical safety and operational efficiency that must be navigated in the quest for more sustainable extraction techniques. Finally,to effectively address the increasingly pressing global demand for lithium,there exists a critical need to expand the exploration and implementation of non-mainstream processing techniques. These include innovative methods such as mechanical activation,chlorination,bioleaching,sulfide roasting,and vacuum carbothermal reduction. Each of these alternative strategies presents unique advantages and challenges that warrant further research and development to fully understand their potential in contributing to a sustainable lithium supply chain. In conclusion,the path forward for lithium extraction is marked by both challenges and opportunities. The ongoing search for greener,more efficient technologies will be instrumental in ensuring that the burgeoning demand for lithium can be met without compromising environmental integrity or economic viability. As the debate surrounding sustainable resource management continues,it is imperative that future research endeavors remain dedicated to refining these extraction techniques,thereby guaranteeing a robust supply of this vital resource for the energy storage industry.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20242/j.issn.2097-5384.2026.01.007
中图分类号:TF826.3
引用信息:
[1]马东强,王飞旺,文金磊,等.锂辉石提锂技术研究现状[J].有色金属(中英文),2026,16(01):62-72.DOI:10.20242/j.issn.2097-5384.2026.01.007.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（52364033）; 云南省基础研究计划项目（202501AT070327;202401AU070174）~~
2025-12-17
2025-12-17
2025-12-17